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Engine Oil API Quality Classifications

Oils were classified in the 1960’s by the American Petroleum Institute (API) in terms of their performance. Engine oils were divided into two groups; “S” for gasoline engines, “C” for diesel engines. In every group, oils were ranked in terms of developing engine technology with letters A, B, C etc.

API Class	Definition
SA	Mineral oil with no additives. Recommended for old motors that do not require oil with additives.
SB	Oil with no cleaning agent additive but with additives that prevent oxidation and corrosion in small quantities. It should be used only when car manufacturer recommends it.
SC	Oil for gasoline engine, which is designed for the requirements of 1964 – 1967 model vehicles, which prevents oxidation, rust and corrosion and which provides deposit control.
SD	Oil for gasoline engines, which is designed for the requirements of 1968 – 1970 model vehicles; prevents oxidation, rust and corrosion more than SC and provides deposit control. It is more resistant than SC grade.
SE	Designed for the requirements of 1971-1979 model vehicles. Engine oil that prevents oxidation, rust and corrosion and provides deposit control better than CS.
SF	Oil for gasoline engine, which passed American automobile manufacturers 1980 guarantee tests and which prevents oxidation, rust and corrosion better and provides deposit control better than SE.
SG	Gasoline engine oil which passed American automobile manufacturers 1989 guarantee tests and which prevents oxidation, rust and corrosion better and provides deposit control better than SE. Also corresponds to the CC diesel engine oil category of API. Oils within the SG category are API, SE, SF and SF/CC. They may also be used for engines, for which SE/CC oils are recommended.
SH	Gasoline engine oil that passed American automobile manufacturers 1994 guarantee tests and whose tests and production take place in accordance with CMA (Chemical Manufacturers Association) product approval code.
SJ	Designed for the requirements of gasoline engine vehicles established in 1997. Gasoline engine oil with less volatility, more compliance with catalysts and higher low temperature qualities in addition to its SH performance.
SL	Gasoline engine oil category launched on 1 July 2001 and designed for the requirements of engines produced in 2002. Also usable in previously manufactured vehicles. Gasoline engine oil that provides better deposit control and low oil consumption at high temperatures.
SM	Gasoline engine oil category launched in November 2004. Provides better engine cleaning, higher performance at low working temperatures and less corrosion than SL and has a longer oil change interval and antioxidant quality.

Diesel Engine Oil API Quality Classifications

API Class	Definition
CA	Launched in 1940, light and intermediate powered ordinary diesel engine oil that prevents corrosion and deposit formation.
CB	The category published in 1949 for diesel engine requirements working under light and intermediate conditions. Provides a better protection against corrosion and deposit formation than CA category.
CD	The category with high protection against corrosion and deposit control, published in 1955. Oil developed for ordinary diesel engines with turbo and supercharge that runs on fuel with high sulphide rate. Protective against deposit formation and berth corrosion in high temperatures.
CC	The category published in 1961 that fulfills the requirements of ordinary diesel engine vehicles with turbo charge and supercharge, running under intermediate and heavy conditions. Prevents corrosion, rust and amortization and performs deposit control. Passed MIL-L-2104 B and 46152 B tests.
CD-II	Diesel engine oil which fulfills need of two stroke diesel engines and is appropriate for API CD category. Revised in 1985.
CE	It is the level developed in 1983 for heavy duty diesel engines with turbo charge and supercharge which runs under low speed-heavy load and high speed-heavy load. It provides better protection against oil loss, deposit formation and corrosion than CD level.
CF	Developed in 1994 for diesel engines with indirect injection, turbo charge and supercharge which runs on high sulphide fuel. It has higher piston deposit control and berth corrosion prevention than CD.
CF-4	Applied in 1990, is it the level that provides less deposit formation and oil consumption in addition to CE performance. Oil for heavy duty diesel engines with turbo charge and supercharge that runs under conditions of low speed-heavy load and high speed-heavy load.
CF-2	Engine oil launched in 1994 that prevent corrosion of cylinder and piston ring and deposit formation better in two stroke diesel engines in addition to CF performance requirements.
CG-4	It is the Heavy Duty Engine Service category published in 1994. Provides better piston deposit control and less carbon accumulation. It is the category that fulfills the needs of high-speed, heavy-duty diesel engines with four stroke, direct injection and turbo charge, used on both highways and lands.
CH-4	Diesel engine oil launched on 1 December 1998, fulfilling exhaust emission standards, also used in stroke engines. Developed specially for high-speed, four stroke diesel engines running on fuels that consists of sulphide up to 0.5 %. It also fulfills the standards of CD, CE, CF-4 and CG-4.
CI-4	Heavy-duty diesel engine oil launched in 2002. Engine oil that fulfills 2004 exhaust emission standards, used in four stroke high-speed engines. Higher persistence on high and low temperatures, higher piston deposit control, higher soot control, higher corrosion and oil cost controls.
CJ-4	Engine oil developed heavy-duty diesel engines, which fulfills 2007 API performance standards and provides outstanding exhaust cleaning system. Features advanced antioxidant and soot control on high temperatures, better pumpability on low temperatures and low oil consumption. It also meets American EPA 2007 standards.

Engine Oils ACEA Quality Classifications

In 1996 the ACEA (Association des Constructaeurs Europeens d’Automobile) developed a new engine oil quality classification instead of the old classification of CCMC organization. According to this classification, gasoline engine oils are indicated with A, light-duty diesel engine oils are indicated with B and heavy-duty diesel engine oils are indicated with E.

ACEA Class	Definition
A1	Gasoline engine oil with viscosity protection and oxidation persistence over limits of CCMC G-4, which provides fuel economy and is valid for low viscosity classes.
A2	Conventional gasoline engine oil usually on CCMC G-4 performance, whose oxidation persistence is equivalent for G-5.
A3	High performance gasoline engine oil with low consumption and long oil change period and with viscosity protection and oxidation persistence over limits of CCMC G-5.
A4	Gasoline engine oil developed for direct injection engines.
A5	Gasoline engine oil developed for high performance gasoline engines with low viscosity, high friction minimizing quality, long oil change period.

Light-duty Diesel Engine Oils ACEA Quality Classification

ACEA Class	Definition
B1	Diesel engine oil with viscosity protection over limits of CCMC PD-2, which provides fuel economy and is valid for low viscosity classes.
B2	Conventional diesel engine oil with generally CCMC PD-2 performance and advanced viscosity protection function.
B3	High performance diesel engine oil with viscosity protection over limits of CCMC PD-2 limits, whose viscosity increase is controlled under intense soot.
B4	Diesel engine oil that passed direct injection engine tests in addition to performance of B3-98.
B5	Diesel engine oil with high rate of friction minimizing, which provides fuel economy in indirect and direct injection engines with long oil change periods.

Quality Classification of Gasoline and Diesel Engine Oils Pursuant to ACEA 2010

ACEA Sınıfı	Tanımı
C1	This oil class is appropriate for high performance, gasoline and light diesel engine vehicles (private car and light Van) with low friction, low viscosity; which can run on oil with low SAPS (which contains sulphated cinder, phosphorus and sulfur)and which has DPF (diesel particle filter) and TWC (three way catalyst) and whose high temperature and high cutting rate (HT/HS) is higher than 2.9 mPa.s. This type of oil prolongs lives of DPF and TWC and provides fuel economy in vehicle.
C2	This oil class is appropriate for high performance, gasoline and light diesel engine vehicles (private car and light Van) with low friction, low viscosity; which has DPF (diesel particle filter) and TWC (three way catalyst) and whose high temperature and high cutting rate (HT/HS) is higher than 2.9 mPa.s. This type of oil prolongs the lives of DPF and TWC and provides fuel economy in the vehicle.
C3	This oil class is appropriate for high performance gasoline and light diesel engine vehicles (private car and light Van) with low friction, low viscosity; which has DPF (diesel particle filter) and TWC (three way catalyst) and whose high temperature and high cutting rate (HT/HS) is higher than 3.5 mPa.s. This type of oil prolongs the lives of DPF and TWC.

Quality Classification of Gasoline and Diesel Engine Oils Pursuant to ACEA 2010

ACEA Sınıfı	Tanımı
A1/B1	This class is appropriate for extended oil change interval in gasoline and light diesel engine vehicles (private car and light Van) that has low friction rate and use low viscosity oil with high temperature and high cutting rate (HT/HS) of 2.6 mPa.s for xW-20 viscosity class and between 2,9 – 3,5 mPa.s for other viscosity classes.
A3/B3	Oil defined under this class is appropriate for heavy conditions of use defined by engine manufacturers, where extended oil change interval is given by high performance gasoline and light diesel vehicles (private car and light Van) engine manufacturers, where oil with low viscosity is used.
A3/B4	Oil defined under this class is appropriate for high performance, gasoline and direct injection diesel engine vehicles. Besides, it is appropriate for usage defined in A3/B3.
A5/B5	This class is appropriate for extended oil change interval in gasoline and light diesel engine vehicles (private car and light Van) that has low friction rate and use low viscosity oil with high temperature and high cutting rate (HT/HS) of 2.9-3 5 mPa.s.

Engine Oils ACEA-ILSAC Quality Classifications

ACEA Class	Definition
A1	Gasoline engine oil with viscosity protection and oxidation persistence over limits of CCMC G-4, which provides fuel economy and is valid for low viscosity classes.
A2	Conventional gasoline engine oil usually on CCMC G-4 performance, whose oxidation persistence is equivalent for G-5.
A3	High performance gasoline engine oil with low consumption and long oil change period and with viscosity protection and oxidation persistence over limits of CCMC G-5.
A4	Gasoline engine oil developed for direct injection engines.
A5	Gasoline engine oil developed for high performance gasoline engines with low viscosity, high friction minimizing quality, long oil change period.

ACEA Class	Definition
B1	Diesel engine oil with viscosity protection over limits of CCMC PD-2, which provides fuel economy and is valid for low viscosity classes.
B2	Conventional diesel engine oil with generally CCMC PD-2 performance and advanced viscosity protection function.
B3	High performance diesel engine oil with viscosity protection over limits of CCMC PD-2 limits, whose viscosity increase is controlled under intense soot.
B4	Diesel engine oil that passed direct injection engine tests in addition to performance of B3-98.
B5	Diesel engine oil with high rate of friction minimizing, which provides fuel economy in indirect and direct injection engines with long oil change periods.

Automotive Gear Oils API Quality Classifications

API Class	Definition
GL-1	Pure mineral oil for spiral, conic, worm gear type differential and straight transmission running under light conditions.
GL-2	Special extrinsic oil for worm gear type differentials running under normal conditions.
GL-3	Special extrinsic oil for spiral and conic differentials and straight transmissions running under normal conditions.
GL-4	Oil that contains excessive pressure and other special additives for hypoid gear type differentials running under heavy conditions and that fulfills MIL-L-2105 specifications.
GL-5	Oil that contains additives to balance excessive pressure and pulsed load for hypoid gear type differentials running under heavy conditions and that fulfills MIL-L-2105 specifications.
MT-1	Gear oil that contains excessive pressure additives for gear cases running under heavy conditions and unsynchronized mechanical transmissions and that passed foam preventing, thermal persistence and elastomer compliance tests.

SAE Viscosity classifications

Industrial Oils ISO Viscosity Classifications

ISO Viscosity Class	Kinematic Viscosity at 40 °C cSt	Kinematik Viscosity Limits at 40 °C cSt (mm2/s)	ASTM Saybolt Viscosity Number	Saybolt Viscosity at 37,8 °C SUS
2	2,2	1,98	2,42	32	34,0	35,5
3	3,2	2,88	3,52	36	36,5	38,2
5	4,6	4,14	5,06	40	39,9	42,7
7	6,8	6,12	7,48	50	45,7	50,3
10	10	9,00	11,0	60	55,5	62,8
15	15	13,5	16,5	75	72	83
22	22	19,8	24,2	105	96	115
32	32	28,8	35,2	150	135	164
46	46	41,4	50,6	215	191	234
68	68	64,2	74,8	315	280	345
100	100	90,0	110	465	410	500
150	150	135	165	700	615	750
220	220	198	242	1000	900	1110
320	320	288	352	1500	1310	1600
460	460	414	506	2150	1880	2300
680	680	612	748	3150	2800	3400
1000	1000	900	1100	4650	4100	5000
1500	1500	1350	1650	7000	6100	7500

Industrial Gear Oils AGMA Classifications

Rust and Oxidation Preventing Gear Oils AGMA No:	ISO Viscosity Class	Excessive Pressure (EP) Gear Oils AGMA No:
1	46	–
2	68	2 EP
3	100	3 EP
4	150	4 EP
5	220	5 EP
6	320	6 EP
7 Compunded	460	7 EP
8 Compunded	680	8 EP
8 A Compounded	1000	8 A EP

NLGI Penetration Classifications of Greases

NLGI No:	Penetration (1/10 mm) processed at 25 °C
000	445-475
00	400-430
0	355-385
1	310-340
2	265-295
3	220-250
4	175-205
5	130-160
6	85-115

Technical Info

Technical Information

Diesel Engine Oil API Quality Classifications

Light-duty Diesel Engine Oils ACEA Quality Classification

Quality Classification of Gasoline and Diesel Engine Oils Pursuant to ACEA 2010

Quality Classification of Gasoline and Diesel Engine Oils Pursuant to ACEA 2010

Light-duty Diesel Engine Oils ACEA Quality Classification